Chuck



I A. l. KIRKLAND Nov. 5, 1940.

CHUCK Filed June '7, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 SWX.,

In: .rl/

Y V s f INVENTOR HfIgg/j [www 0 Z A* M Patented-.,Nov'.. 5.119401 f 'y STATES PATENT OFFICE.

- CHUCK Arthurl'. Kirkland; Detroit, Mich. Application Juno i, 1939, serial No. 277,871

11- Claims. (C1. 279-60) This invention relates to-chucks and more especiallyl to` chucks which` are self-energizing in their workgripping action and adapted to opery ate drills, counterbores, reamers and slm-ilarwork tools. In certalnrespects, the present invention is an improvement upon and/or s related to the invention disclosed in my prior U. S. Patent No. 2,069,522; issued- February- 2, 1937, for Chucks adaptedA for stud driver or the'like.

The principal object of the invention is to improve the art of self-energizing chucks.

Another object oiV the invention is to provide a chuckof the above characterv which will hold a work piece'V to be rotatively driven without slipping or tearing the shank portion of thesame during use irrespective of the hardness characterlstics of the work piece. i

A further object is; to provide a chuck operabl withoutthe use of such adjuncts as tightenv ,"20, ing nd loosening keys and the like.

A` stm further object is to provide a chuck."

25,V which automatically centers the work piece into the desired axial alignment with/reference to the axis of the --chuck 'when gripping the work piece.

Another object is toprovide a chuck which ls efficient in operation, which has few wearing partseach formedv andconditioned so as to reduce .wear to a minimum, and which chuck readily releases -the work member when desired in response to a simple manual operation.

Other objects, features and advantages will become apparent from the following description and appended claims.v

4For the purpose of illustrating the genus of the invention, two embodiments are disclosed inv the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. l is an exploded view, generally in centra] longitudinal Vsection of a chuck constructed in accordance with the invention.

Fig, 2 is an assembly view in central longitudinal section of the parts shown in Fig. l;

the sectionl being-,taken on a plane at an angle part in section ofthe embodiment of the invention disclosed in Fig. 5.

Fig. 7,. is a transverse section taken on the lines 1-1 of Fig. 6.

Referring to the drawings and more especially 5 to Figs, 1 to 4 inclusive, the numeral IIl) designates a driving member provided With an axial and tapered bore I I for receiving the driving element indicated at 28 in Figs. 2 and 3. The driv-` ing member Ill is adapted to operate axially a 10 core member I2 with reference to ay sleeve member I4 which is Ajournaled for rotation upon the driving member I0 by means of a bearing I8 and nut I1, the latter being threaded into the upper., end 'of the sleeve member I4. and nut I'I, however, prevent axial relative movement between the driving member Ill and the sleeve member I4. A pin I3 fixed to the sleeve member I4 is adapted to engage a relatively steep f pitch slot 22 provided in the periphery of the core 2U' member I2. In eiTect, the pin I3 and slot 22 form a part turn right hand thread connection between the core member I2 and the sleeve member I4. A plurality of tapered rollers I5 are disposed in suitable axially directed slots pro- 25 vided at the outer end of the core member I2. A cam bushing I6 is adapted to be pressed into the sleeve member I4 until a shoulder 25 on element I6 engages the shoulder 26 formed on the sleeve member I4. 4The cam bushing I6 is pro- 30 vided with cam surfaces I9 which taper inwardly generally toward the outer end of the cam bushing and which cam surfaces I9 extend radially inwardly to the maximum extent at the central l" portion of -each cam surface. l

vThe driving member I0 is provided with an 3J axially directed and left hand threaded central bore 20 adapted threadedly to receive the left hand threaded portion 2l provided at the inner end of the core member I2. Rotation of the driving member I0 in a clockwise direction as viewed from the top 4o1 Figs. 1, 2 and 3 as Viewed directly in Fig. 4 will cause the core member 'I2 to move axially outwardly and force the tapered rollers I5 -into contact with the interior 'surface 45 of the cam bushing I6, the nut Il and ball bearing I8 holding the sleeve I4 against axial`movethe sleeve I4 is held against rotation, the tapered rollers I5 will be brought into engagement' with 50 the cam surface I9 and urged thereby in radially inward directions so as to grip a work piece W which is to be rotated in a clockwise direction. It is noted, however,'that the pin I3, lixed to the Sleeve member I4 and engaging the cam slot 22 55 causes a slight counterclockwise rotationof the core member I2 and tends to ease the engagement of the tapered rollers with respect to the work piece W. The axially outward movement of the core member I2 is limited by means of lugs 23 on core member I2 when they engage the shoulder 24 provided on the cam bushing I6. The lugs 23 would engage the shoulder 24 only if the work piece were too small to be gripped by the rollers I5. The numeral 2`| indicates an oil or lubricant packing mounted around the driving member I0. It will be noted that when a work piece W is rotated in a clockwise direction, that the more the reaction exerted upon the chuck by the work piece, the tighter the tapered rollers I5 willl be engaged with the work piece.

In practice, the work piece W is inserted into the chuck when the driving element 28 is sta# tionary and the sleeve member I4 is rotated in a counterclockwise direction until the tapered rollers I5 engage the shank of the work piece W. This places the 'chuck and work piece in condition for operation. When the desired operations have been completed and the driving element 28 is again in a stationary condition rotation of the sleeve member I4 in a clockwise direction will cause the core member I2 to thread into the driving member |0 and release the rollers I5 from the work piece, the pin I3 and slot 22 freeing the threads 20 and 2| to permit easy release of the work piece W.

By virtue of the above described clutch mechanism, a chuck is produced which requires no keys or similar devices to tighten or loosen the gripping jaws with respect to the work piece to be rotated. The cam surfaces I9 and the up-l wardly axial movement of the core member I2 both cause the rollers I5 to effect a gripping action on the work piece W which makes the chuck self-energizing in its action. The more the resistance to rotation offered by the work piece W, the tighter it will be gripped by the rollers I5. The cam surfaces I9 and rollers I5 axially align the work piece with reference to the .chuck during such gripping action. This eliminates any possibility of slipage and, as the roller members or jaws I5 have a rolling action, tearing or distortion of the shank of the work piece W is practically impossible. It is also noted that outward axial movement of the core member I2 is effected by slight pitched threads 20 and 2| of the core member I2 and of driving -member I0 while shallow pitch cam surfaces I9 cause radially inwardly directed movement of the roller jaws I5 so that gripping action of the latter will be very effective even when the shank of the work piece to be driven has high hardness characteristics.

Referring to Figs. 5, 6 and '7, in this modification, the numeral |00 indicates an essentially tubular driving member threaded as indicated at ||0 for the reception of a driving element 280 in the form of a hollow spindle. The right hand threaded portion 200 is provided on the driving member |00 and cooperates with threads 200 provided upon the interior of the sleeve member |40. In this embodiment the core member |20 is not threaded to the driving member |00 but journaled for rotation with respect to the latter by means of a bearing |80. The core member |20 does not move axially with reference to the driving member 200.; The sleeve member |40, rather, does move axially with reference to the driving member |00 through the intermediary of threaded portions 200 and 2|0 upon rotation of the sleeve vdescribed embodiment. .also provided with a plurality of slots as before member V|40 with'r'e'spect to the 'driving member |00. vThe pin |30is fixed to thesleeve |40 and engages a camslt 22| as in the previously The core member |20 is for the reception of tapered rollers |50 and the sleeve member |40 is provided with operating cam surfaces I9 as hereinbefore described with reference to the embodiment of the invention disclosed in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive. Rotation of the sleeve member |40 in a clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 7 with reference'to afstationary driving member |00 causes the sleeve member |40 to thread onto the driving member |00 so that cam surfaces |9l urge the roller jaws |50 radially inwardly to grip the work piece W.

Clockwise rotation of the sleeve |40 relative to the driving -member |00 urges the sleeve member |40 axially outwardly with reference to the driving member |00 and allows release of the work piece W. A plug member 29 is disposed within the core member |20 and is provided with an annular shoulder flange 30 disposable between the end of the spindle 280 and the inner end of core member |20 so that the end of a plug member 29 opposite the shoulder portion 30 can be used to limit the extent to which the work .piece W can be inserted into the chuck. This removes the possibility of thev Work piece being accidentally projected directly through the chuck into the hollow interior of the spindle 280.

As many changes could be made in the above described constructions,A and many apparently widely different embodiments of this invention could be had without departing from the-scope thereof, it is intended that allmatter contained.

in the above description and shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a. limiting sense.

I claim:

1. In a chuck including a driving member, a

core member and a' sleeve member arranged in axially concentric relationship, said sleevemember including a tapered bore provided with a. cam surface eccentric with respectto the axis of the chuck, the combination of means carried by said core member and operableby the cam axially concentric relationship, said sleeve member including atapered bore provided with cam surfaces eccentric with respect to the axis of the chuck, the combination of means carried by said core member and operable by saidv cams for engaging a work piece,'said driving member and one of said other members being provided with a threaded connection for effecting relative axial movement between said core member and said sleeve member, and a. slot and pin connection between said sleeve member and said core member for effecting operation of said first-named means. v

3. In a self-energizing keyless chuck including a driving member, a core member and a sleeve member arranged in axially concentric relationship, said sleeve member including a tapered bore provided with cam surfaces eccentric with respect 2,220,654 to the axis of. the chuck, :the combination of l means carried by said core member and operable by said' cams for engaging a workpiece, -said slot and pin connection betweensaid Asleeve, member and lsaid core member having effective 'pitch other than` that' of said threaded connec- Y vtion for effecting operation of said first-named means.

v4. In a self-energizing keyless chuckincluding a driving member, a'coremember, and asleeve member.v arranged in axially concentric relation-.- ship, said sleeve member including a; tapered bore` j provided'with cam surfaces leccentricwith' re'- 'spectto the axis of the chuck,.the combination' ofi means .carried by said-core member-and operable by4 said cams for. engaging .a wgzrk-..piec'e,'` said driving member and said core member vbeing provided witha threaded connection for eifectv ing relative vaxial movement between said core member and'said sleeve member, and slot and pin connection between said sleeve member and said core member having an-effective pitch other than that of said threaded connection and of opposite hand with respect to that of said threaded connection for effecting operation of said -rstnamed means. j

5. In a self-energizing keyless chuck including, a driving member, a core member and a sleeve member arranged in axially concentric relationship, said sleeve member including a tapered bore. provided with camV surfaces eccentric with respect to the axis of the chuck, the combination of tapered rollers carried by said core member and operable by said cams for gripping a work piece, said driving member and'said core member being provided with a left hand threaded connection for effecting relative axial movement between said core member and said sleeve member, and a slot and pin connection of right hand and greater effective pitch with respect tothat of said threaded connection for engaging and releasing said gripping rollers with respect to the work -piece upon rotation of .the sleeve with re-v spect to said driving member.

6. In a self-energizing keyless chuck including a driving member, a core member and a sleeve ship, said sleeve member including a tapered bore provided with cam surfaces eccentric with respect to the axis of the chuck, said sleeve member being journaled on saiddriving member for 'rotationwithout `relative axial movement with respect tothe driving member,` the combination with tapered rollers 'carried by said core meinber and operable by said cams for gripping a work piece, said driving member and saidcore member being provided with a left hand threaded connection foreiectihg relative axial movement between said' core `member and said sleeve member, and a slot and' pin-.connection of right hand and greater effective pitch with respect to that of said threaded connection for engaging and releasing said 'gripping rollers with respect to the k piece upon rotation of the sleeve with respect to said driving member. Y

-'7. In a self-energizing keyless chuck including a driving member, a core member and a sleeve member arranged in axially concentric relationship', said sleeve member including a tapered bore'jprovidedl with cam surfaces eccentric with respect to the kaxis'of the chuck, the combination l of means carried by said core member and operable by said cams for gripping'a work piece, said driving member and saidsleeve member being provided with a threaded connection for effecting relative axial movementv therebetween upon relative rotation thereof, said core member being journaled for rotation Without relative axial movement in said driving member, and means having an effective pitch otherthan said threaded connection and connecting said sleeve member and said core member for effecting operation of said first-named means. v

8. In a self-energizing keyless chuckl including a driving member, a core member anda sleeve member arranged in axially concentric relationship, said sleeve member including a tapered bore 1 iprovided ,y with cam surfaces leccentric with respect to the axis of the chuck, the combination of means vcarried by-s'aid core member and operable by said cams for gripping a work piece, said driving member and said sleeve member being provided with athreaded connection for effecting relative axial movement therebetween upon relative rotation thereof, :said coreI member being ing operation of said first-'named means.

9. In a self-energizing keyless chuck including a driving member, a core member and a sleeve member arranged in axially concentric relationship, said sleeve member including a tapered bore -provided with cam surfaces eccentric with respect to the axis lof the chuck, the combination of tapered rollers carried by said core member and operable by said cams for gripping a work piece, said driving' member and said sleeve member being provided with a threaded connection for effecting relative axial movement therebetween upon relative rotation thereof, said core member being journaled for rotation without relative axial movement in said driving member, and a cam and slot connection of the same hand as that of said threaded connection connecting said .sleeve member and said core member for effecting operation-of said gripping rollers for engaging and releasing said gripping rollers with respect to the work piece upon rotation of the sleeve with respect to said driving member.

10. In a self-energizing keyless chuck including a driving member, a core member and a sleeve member arranged in axially concentric relationship, said sleeve member including a tapered bore provided with cam surfaces eccentric. with respect to the axis of the chuck, the -combination of tapered r'ollers A,carried bysaid core member and operable by said camsfor gripping a Work A piece, said driving memberand said sleeve memping rollers with respect to the work piece upon rotation of the sleeve member-with respect to said driving member.

11.-,In la self-energizing'keyless chuck including a driving member, a cor'e member and a sleeve member arranged in axially concentric relationship, said sleeve member including a tapered bore provided with cam surfaces eccentric with resisl ber, a slot and pin connection of right hand andV greater effective pitch with respect to that of said threaded connection :forf eiecting engagement. and release .of grippngfrollers with respectto the Work piece u pon rotation fof the sleeve member with respect to said driving member',

and a plug member disposed lnsaid core member 5,

for limiting the extent to which the :workpiece can be inserted in the chuck.v i y 

